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Glossary

Common terms used in Monolythium documentation.

A​

Active Set : The top 53 validators by stake that participate in consensus and earn rewards.

alyth : The smallest unit of LYTH. 1 LYTH = 10^18 alyth.

B​

Bech32 : Address encoding format used for Cosmos addresses. Monolythium addresses start with mono1.

Block Time : Target time between blocks. Monolythium targets 2-second block time.

Burn : Permanently removing tokens from circulation by sending to an unspendable address.

C​

Chain ID : Unique identifier for a blockchain network. Monolythium uses mono_6941-1 (Cosmos) / 6941 (EVM) for mainnet.

Commission : Percentage of staking rewards taken by validators before distributing to delegators.

Cosmos SDK : The framework used to build Monolythium's state machine and modules.

D​

Delegation : Staking tokens with a validator to participate in consensus and earn rewards.

Deterministic Finality : Once a block is committed, it cannot be reversed. No confirmations needed.

Double-Signing : Validator misbehavior where two different blocks are signed at the same height. Results in severe slashing.

E​

EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine. Enables running Solidity smart contracts on Monolythium.

F​

Fee Burn : 90% of all transaction fees are burned (removed from supply). The remaining 10% goes to the block proposer.

Finality : Point at which a transaction cannot be reversed. Monolythium has instant finality.

G​

Gas : Unit measuring computational work for transactions.

Governance : On-chain voting system for protocol decisions. Monolythium uses 14-day voting with 33.4% quorum.

I​

Inflation : New token issuance to reward stakers. Monolythium uses a fixed 8% annual rate from genesis, adjustable via governance.

L​

LythiumBFT : Monolythium's consensus engine — a modified fork of CometBFT v0.38.19 with quadratic proposer selection. Uses sqrt(votingPower) to determine proposal frequency, so 4x stake = only 2x proposal rate.

LYTH : The native token of Monolythium.

J​

Jail : Temporary or permanent removal of a validator from the active set due to misbehavior.

M​

Moniker : Human-readable name for a validator.

N​

Node : Software that participates in the network by storing data and relaying transactions.

P​

Peer : Another node connected to your node for data exchange.

Proposal : Governance submission that token holders can vote on.

Q​

Quadratic Proposer Selection : LythiumBFT's mechanism where block proposal frequency is proportional to the square root of voting power, rather than linear. Reduces concentration of block production among large validators.

R​

Redelegation : Moving stake from one validator to another without unbonding.

RPC : Remote Procedure Call. API for interacting with the blockchain.

S​

Seed Node : Node that helps new nodes discover peers in the network.

Self-Delegation : Tokens a validator stakes with themselves. Minimum 100,000 LYTH required.

Sentry Node : Protective node that shields a validator from direct internet exposure.

Slashing : Penalty mechanism that reduces staked tokens for validator misbehavior.

Staking : Locking tokens to participate in consensus and earn rewards.

State Sync : Fast sync method that downloads recent state snapshot instead of replaying all blocks.

T​

Tombstoned : Permanent jail status after double-signing. Validator cannot unjail.

U​

Unbonding : Process of withdrawing staked tokens. Takes 3 days.

V​

Validator : Node operator that participates in consensus by proposing and signing blocks.

Validator Registration Burn : Permanent burn of 100,000 LYTH required to create a validator. Enforced by the x/mono ante handler and governance-adjustable.

Voting Power : Validator's influence in consensus, proportional to their total stake. Used linearly for voting, quadratically for proposal selection.

W​

Wei : EVM's smallest unit. Equivalent to alyth in Monolythium's EVM context.

x/mono : Custom Cosmos SDK module that handles fee interception (90% burn / 10% to proposer) and validator burn deposit enforcement.