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Gas & Fee Mechanics

Every transaction on Monolythium consumes gas. This page covers how gas is calculated, minimum prices, fee burning, EIP-1559 compatibility, estimation techniques, and fee grants.

How Gas Works​

Gas measures the computational work required to execute a transaction. The fee paid by the sender is:

Fee = Gas Used x Gas Price
TermDescription
Gas LimitMaximum gas units the sender authorizes. Unused gas is refunded.
Gas UsedActual gas consumed during execution.
Gas PricePrice per gas unit, denominated in alyth.
FeeTotal cost in alyth. 1 LYTH = 10^18 alyth.

If execution exceeds the gas limit, the transaction reverts and the entire gas limit is consumed (no refund).

Minimum Gas Prices​

Monolythium enforces minimum gas prices at two levels:

Protocol Level (feemarket module)​

The feemarket module in genesis sets the global minimum base fee:

{
  "feemarket": {
    "params": {
      "min_gas_price": "10000000.000000000000000000",
      "base_fee": "10000000"
    }
  }
}

This means the minimum gas price is 10000000 alyth per gas unit, which equals 0.00000001 LYTH (10 nanoLYTH).

Node Level (app.toml)​

Each node operator can set a local minimum in app.toml:

minimum-gas-prices = "10000000alyth"

Transactions below this threshold are rejected by that node's mempool. Validators typically set this equal to or above the protocol minimum.

Node Rejection

A transaction that meets the protocol minimum but falls below a specific node's minimum-gas-prices will be rejected by that node. Use the protocol minimum or higher to ensure propagation across all nodes.

Fee Burn (x/burn Module)​

Monolythium's custom x/burn module processes all gas fees at the protocol level:

DestinationPercentageEffect
Burned90%Permanently removed from supply
Block Proposer10%Reward for the validator that proposed the block
Transaction Fee (100%)
├── 90% → Burn address (permanent supply reduction)
└── 10% → Block proposer reward

This burn mechanism is independent of the FeeCollector smart contract, which handles application-layer fees (DEX, MonoPump, etc.). See Fee Model for the full picture.

EIP-1559 Compatibility​

Monolythium supports EIP-1559-style transactions through the feemarket module:

ParameterDescription
Base FeeDynamically adjusted per block based on gas utilization
Max Fee Per GasMaximum total fee the sender is willing to pay
Max Priority Fee Per GasTip to the block proposer above the base fee
// EIP-1559 transaction with viem
const hash = await walletClient.sendTransaction({
  to: "0xRecipient...",
  value: parseEther("1.0"),
  maxFeePerGas: parseGwei("0.02"),      // max total price
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: parseGwei("0.001"), // tip
});

The base fee adjusts based on how full the previous block was:

  • Block > 50% full: base fee increases
  • Block < 50% full: base fee decreases
  • Block exactly 50% full: base fee unchanged
Legacy Transactions

Legacy (pre-EIP-1559) transactions are also supported. The gasPrice field is treated as both maxFeePerGas and maxPriorityFeePerGas.

Gas Estimation​

Cosmos CLI​

# Dry-run to estimate gas (does not broadcast)
monod tx bank send <from> <to> 1000000000000000000alyth \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --gas auto \
  --dry-run

# Execute with a 50% safety buffer
monod tx bank send <from> <to> 1000000000000000000alyth \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --gas auto \
  --gas-adjustment 1.5 \
  --gas-prices 10000000alyth \
  --keyring-backend file \
  --yes
Gas Adjustment

Always use --gas-adjustment 1.5 (or higher for complex transactions). State changes between estimation and execution can increase actual gas usage.

EVM (eth_estimateGas)​

// ethers.js
const gasEstimate = await provider.estimateGas({
  from: "0xSender...",
  to: "0xRecipient...",
  value: ethers.parseEther("1.0"),
});

// Add 20% buffer
const gasLimit = gasEstimate * 120n / 100n;
# curl
curl -X POST https://evm.testnet.mononodes.xyz \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "eth_estimateGas",
    "params": [{
      "from": "0xSender...",
      "to": "0xRecipient...",
      "value": "0xDE0B6B3A7640000"
    }],
    "id": 1
  }'

Typical Gas Costs​

OperationGas UsedFee (at min gas price)LYTH Cost
Native LYTH transfer~21,000210,000,000,000 alyth~0.00000021 LYTH
ERC-20 transfer~50,000500,000,000,000 alyth~0.0000005 LYTH
ERC-20 approve~46,000460,000,000,000 alyth~0.00000046 LYTH
DEX swap~200,0002,000,000,000,000 alyth~0.000002 LYTH
Contract deployment (small)~500,0005,000,000,000,000 alyth~0.000005 LYTH
Contract deployment (large)~3,000,00030,000,000,000,000 alyth~0.00003 LYTH
Cosmos delegate~200,0002,000,000,000,000 alyth~0.000002 LYTH
Governance vote~100,0001,000,000,000,000 alyth~0.000001 LYTH

These are approximate values. Actual gas depends on contract complexity and chain state.

Fee Grants (x/feegrant)​

The feegrant module allows one account to sponsor transaction fees for another. This is useful for onboarding users who do not yet hold LYTH.

Grant a Fee Allowance​

# Basic allowance (up to 100 LYTH in fees)
monod tx feegrant grant mono1granter... mono1grantee... \
  --spend-limit 100000000000000000000alyth \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --keyring-backend file \
  --yes

# Periodic allowance (1 LYTH per day, resets daily)
monod tx feegrant grant mono1granter... mono1grantee... \
  --period 86400 \
  --period-limit 1000000000000000000alyth \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --keyring-backend file \
  --yes

# With expiration
monod tx feegrant grant mono1granter... mono1grantee... \
  --spend-limit 100000000000000000000alyth \
  --expiration "2027-12-31T23:59:59Z" \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --keyring-backend file \
  --yes

Use a Fee Grant​

# The grantee sends a transaction using the granter's allowance
monod tx bank send mono1grantee... mono1recipient... 1000000000000000000alyth \
  --fee-granter mono1granter... \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --keyring-backend file \
  --yes

Query Grants​

# List all grants for a grantee
monod query feegrant grants-by-grantee mono1grantee...

# List all grants by a granter
monod query feegrant grants-by-granter mono1granter...

Revoke a Grant​

monod tx feegrant revoke mono1granter... mono1grantee... \
  --chain-id mono_6940-1 \
  --keyring-backend file \
  --yes

Unit Reference​

1 LYTH  = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 alyth  (10^18)
1 LYTH  = 1,000,000,000 Gwei                (10^9 Gwei)
1 Gwei  = 1,000,000,000 alyth               (10^9 alyth = 10^9 Wei)